Showing posts with label Mu'ammar Qadhafi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mu'ammar Qadhafi. Show all posts

Tuesday, 21 August 2012

Libya arrests 32 Qadhafi loyalists over twin car bombings


The Libyan authorities have arrested 32 members of a network loyal to former leader Mu'ammar Qadhafi in connection with Sunday's twin car bombings in Tripoli. According to a number of reports, two people were killed by bomb blasts near a former military academy for women and the interior ministry.
A security agency said the group had been linked to the bombings, the first of their kind since the overthrow of Qadhafi last year. The bomb attacks took place on the eve of the anniversary of the fall of Tripoli to rebel fighters last year. The attacks occurred at dawn, one of them close to the interior ministry's administrative offices, and the other near the military academy on Omar al-Mokhtar Avenue.
Tripoli's head of security Col Mahmoud Sherif said the blast outside the military academy left two people dead and four or five injured. No casualties were reported from the other explosion. Sherif said that Qadhafi supporters were responsible for the attacks. He also alleged they were receiving financial backing from contacts in neighbouring countries.
Another official speaking to Reuters news agency said that a connection between the group and the attacks had been established. The attacks took place as crowds prepared for mass morning prayers to mark Eid al-Fitr, the Muslim celebration at the end of the fasting month Ramadan.
Earlier this month, Libya's National Transitional Council (NTC) handed over power to a newly elected assembly, in the first peaceful transition in the country's modern history. But outbreaks of violence remain a frequent occurrence, which the security forces are strugging to curtail.
Sources: BBC News, Reuters, Bloomberg
For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Monday, 23 April 2012

Libyan leader visits Algiers

Libya's National Transitional Council (NTC) leader Mustafa Abdel Jalil and fellow NTC member, Salem Messaoud Kenane, arrived in Algiers on Sunday 15 April for a two day visit. At the end of talks on Monday 16 April, Abdel Jalil said that he was confident that Algeria would not shelter anyone who poses a threat to his country, in a reference to Mu'ammar Qadhafi's family members who were granted asylum by Algiers.

"We appreciate the humanitarian position of Algeria for hosting the families, including women and children, but we are convinced that it would not shelter those who represent a threat for Libya's security," said Abdel Jalil after meeting President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. He went on to say: "We agreed that what constitutes a threat for Libya through financing or through subversion would not have a place in the Algerian territory."

Several of Qadhafi family members, including his widow Safiya, firebrand daughter Aisha, and sons Mohamed and Hannibal, fled to Algeria in late August. Algeria has twice had to reprimand Aisha for calling on Libyans to revolt against the transitional council which overthrew her father. Libya has been calling for the repatriation of Aisha and other members of the Qadhafi clan. According to media reports, however, Abdel Jalil does not appear to have publicly made such a request during his visit to Algiers.

Instead he underlined the "deep historic relations" between the two countries. In a joint statement quoted by the Algerian Press Service (APS) the Libyan and Algerian officials agreed to cooperate on security issues and fight extremism. The cooperation will include the fight against organised crime, arms and drug trafficking, clandestine migration and smuggling. How effective such cooperation will fare in practice is highly debatable, especially as security in Libya's southern and many other border regions is seemingly in the hands of militias whose loyalty to and concern for any central authority is highly questionable.

For more news and expert analysis about Algeria, please see Algeria Focus and Algeria Politics & Security.

© 2012 Menas Associates

Thursday, 3 November 2011

NTC appoints a new prime minister

A necessary period of adjustment is taking place in Libya. With the death of Mu'ammar Qadhafi and the declaration of liberation, this period of transition was inevitable. What remains unclear is how the National Transitional Council (NTC) will respond to the challenge of re-establishing Libya both domestically and within the international arena.

On 31st October, the NTC announced the appointment of Dr Abdel-Rahim al-Keib to the post of prime minister. He will face the task of forming a government and a new cabinet to oversee the country until elections are held. Currently, it is planned that elections will take place within eight months.

Al-Keib is well regarded as an even-tempered and pleasant academic who has worked as a professor of electrical engineering internationally for some years. Although he has served in several short-term academic programmes in Libya, most of his teaching has been overseas, which means he has had little to do with Libyan politics and Qadhafi's regime. He has also served as an adviser on Libya and has acted as a private sector entrepreneur. Al-Keib thus has a broad grounding in the applied technical field.

His contribution is expected to come from his mediation efforts, which he will be required to put to use if his government is to move along the constitutional settlement process. His family originates from Tripoli but he has roots in Sabrata. He is, therefore, not without knowledge of the tribal difficulties, and should be able to play a positive part in this area of change.

One of the major hurdles that his cabinet will have to overcome in establishing security and stability is the armed militia groups who had been united in their drive to oust Qadhafi. With scant central command, there has been little direction of revolutionary fighters returning from battle or protecting their liberated cities. Despite reported efforts to arrange a military chain of command, it would appear that none such has yet been established.

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

© 2011 Menas Associates

Monday, 18 July 2011

Libya: Rebels making their way into Brega

It has emerged that Libyan rebels are fighting Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi's troops in the eastern town of Brega. The rebels have reportedly been making their way to the oil town for a couple of days, despite substantial artillery fire from Qadhafi's forces occupying the town, 750km east of Tripoli.

Arab Times quoted an official in the rebel National Transitional Council, Abdulrahman Busm, as saying: “The news coming from there is there is a street war going on between Gaddafi troops and the rebels, and 127 are wounded from our side.”

Another spokesman for the rebels, Mohammed Zawi, was quoted by AFP news agency as saying: "Some small groups have made it inside, but we do not control the whole [town] yet."

Seizure of Brega, home to one of Libya's biggest oil facilities, would mark a major development for the rebels who have been locked in a political stalemate with pro Qadhafi supporters since 17th February.

AFP also reported that three rebel fighters were killed and 96 wounded in Brega on Sunday 17th July, bringing the rebel death toll since the fighting commence to 15 dead and 274 wounded.

In recent days, NATO airplanes have been targeting Qadhafi's forces near Brega and have reportedly hit a military storage facility containing tanks, armoured personnel carriers and ammunition in Tripoli's eastern outskirts early on Sunday.

A day prior to the airstrikes, Qadhafi made a speech describing the rebels as worthless traitors and denying allegations that he is seeking to negotiate a way out of the crisis. His televised address followed the declaration that the US, the West and some Arab nations, now recognise the rebel leadership as the legitimate government of Libya.

Sources: BBC News, Dawn, Arab Times

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Thursday, 30 June 2011

Libya: Security of foreign personnel and assets

It is apparent that foreign involvement in Libya will be vital once fighting has finished, or the military fronts have been pushed back from the oil field regions. It may be that some attempts may be made to restore the oil fields before any formal arrangement of peace is agreed as both sides, but especially the rebels, require more reliable sources of oil for export. Whether civilian contractors will be used in this work is uncertain, though it is clear that indigenous resources in Libya, and both spare parts and personnel, are inadequate to make a quick and effective turn-round of the situation.

Fighting persists in the northwest which is now virtually a war zone. Otherwise, clashes are in predictable sites such as the Sirte coastal region and some of the isolated oases of eastern Libya. There is now a stronger sense of insecurity than formerly, as the rebels arm themselves and begin limited but very public strikes against the authorities.

The civilian administrations on both sides of the fighting line are weak and, in most cases, have had their security people either driven out or converted to one cause or the other. It would be difficult for Western interest to be engaged on the ground in such uncertain conditions and British FCO advice is apposite.

Visiting the country should only be done with the utmost care and preparation. Signs of peace by way of a negotiated settlement are few. The crumb of comfort is found in indications that Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi would be prepared to leave the country in certain circumstances as a move to an end to the fighting.

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

© 2011 Menas Associates

Tuesday, 24 May 2011

NATO increases pressure on Qadhafi with more air strikes

According to a number of sources, NATO's planes have launched a series of heavy air raids on Tripoli, which has seen three people dead and many injured in an attack on army barracks.

The strikes followed an announcement by France that it along with the UK would deploy attack helicopters to fortify the air strike campaign. Heavy explosions hit Libya's capital, as one strike was quickly followed by another.

NATO has said it bombed a transport depot near Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi's, Bab Al-Aziziya, compound which had been used by his forces in attacks on civilians. The use of attack helicopters marks a significant move to up the campaign in Libya, in order to step-up the pressure on Qadhafi after weeks of deadlock.

France's Foreign Minister Alain Juppe said France was sending NATO 12 French Tiger and Gazelle helicopters for the attack campaign against Qadhafi and his troops. The UK's Apache attack helicopters would deploy from HMS Ocean, the Royal Navy's largest warship.

Speaking about the most recent strike, a spokesman for Libya's government, Moussa Ibrahim, said three civilians were killed and 150 people wounded. He was quoted by Reuters as saying: “This is another night of bombing and killing by NATO.”

Sources: BBC News, Aljazeera, The Daily Telegraph, Reuters

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Wednesday, 20 April 2011

Libyan oil sector in a state of disrepair

In the key oil sector the Libyan regime has pursued a policy of destruction rather than preservation of the oil installations along the Gulf of Sirte. ENI announced on 14th April that it planned to transfer much of its oil stored in Libya to a safe Italian base as soon as possible. Their intention is to rescue some of their assets, not an easy matter, because the continuation of oil exports cannot be relied upon. Indeed, the revolutionary authorities have stated that further oil exports will be held back until repairs are effected at two oilfields – Mesala and Sarir.

Doubtless, legal wrangling will be acute between the two sides in determining which of the governments in Libya should be in receipt of revenues and taxes arising from oil exports. A strong lobby including the French, whose government has already recognised the Interim Transitional National Council (ITNC) as the legitimate administration, UK and Qatar favours retaining all payments frozen until such time as there is arbitration on the ownership of the oil shipped.

Throughout the country security is poor and few establishments are functioning at other than low capacity. For the moment, foreign concerns are sheltered while Libyan nationals are heavily engrossed in the political turmoil but almost inevitably life will become difficult depending on their support for or against Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi's regime.

The local staff in Tripolitania could turn antagonistic to foreign employers should NATO help to usher in new victories for the eastern Libyans.

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

© 2011 Menas Associates

Tuesday, 19 April 2011

Libyan government promises UN access to Tripoli

According to the UN, Libyan government has promised aid workers access to areas under its control. Under the agreement, humanitarian workers would be permitted into Tripoli and would be granted access to all of the capital.

UN aid workers have already established a base in the rebel stronghold of Benghazi in eastern Libya, where recently around 1,000 people arrived from Misrata seeking humanitarian aid. Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi's forces have been attacking Misrata for days, it is yet to be estimated the number of people that have been killed in the attacks. The International Organisation for Migration, shipped the evacuees to Benghazi but thousands more remain in wait of rescue.

The World Food Programme has shipped 240 tonnes of wheat flour and high-energy biscuits acrossed from Tunisia through a humanitarian corridor into western Libya.

It has been reported that rebel forces have been making headway in Misrata, however, civilians are running short of basic food and medical supplies. In order for the UN to deliver both medical care and food supplies to civilians, fighting would have to halt but the Libyan government is reluctant to agree to a ceasefire.

Qadhafi is standing firm and seems resolute not to yield to international pressure or be forced to step-down by the rebels, who have been fighting to end his 41 year rule since February.

Sources: BBC, CNN International, Asia Times Online, Xinhua

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Monday, 11 April 2011

Libyan rebels unconvinced by AU's ceasefire proposal

The African Union (AU) has offered Libyan rebels a peace treaty, which Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi has reportedly already accepted. The AU delegation met with rebel leaders in Benghazi, who promised to study the proposal but noted that a ceasefire will not be possible unless Qadhafi steps-down.

The delegation was greeted in the de facto capital of the Libyan opposition by more than a 1000 demonstrators chanting anti-regime slogans. The general consensus on the street seems to be somewhat pessimistic, with the rebels placing little faith in the visiting mediators.

Led by South Africa's President Jacob Zuma the delegation met with Qadhafi on Sunday 10th April in Tripoli. Speaking about the prospect of a peace treaty a member of the opposition's transitional ruling council said, "The sons and the family of Qadhafi cannot participate in the political future of Libya…there is no negotiation."

The meeting was held shortly after Nato air strikes hit Qadhafi's tanks, helping the rebels push back the troops who had been advancing toward Benghazi. The AU's peace draft stipulated an immediate ceasefire and the start of a dialogue between the two sides. AU officials, however, made no mention of Qadhafi's removal as the rebels have demanded.

Zuma, however, urged Nato to "give the ceasefire a chance" but it is highly unlikely that the rebels will come to a deal with the AU if Qadhafi remains in place. Speaking to Arab television, a Libyan government spokesman, Abdel Monem Al-Lamoushi, said: "The issue of Qadhafi stepping down from any political position is a closed issue ... Qadhafi does not hold a position of power…No one has the right to send Qadhafi into exile out of the land of his forefathers. This man will not leave Libya."

The AU delegation, consisting of the presidents of South Africa, Congo-Brazzaville, Mali and Mauritania, as well as Uganda's Foreign Minister, landed in Tripoli's Mitiga airport after Nato gave permission for their aircraft to enter. The planes were the first to land on Libyan soil since the international coalition imposed a no-fly zone over the country more than two weeks ago.

Sources: BBC News, Bloomberg, Reuters, The Guardian

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Tuesday, 5 April 2011

Libya says Qadhafi must remain in power

The Libyan government has conceded to political reform, but made it clear that Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi must remain in power. A government spokesman, Moussa Ibrahim, said Qadhafi was a "unifying figure" figure in Libya, and defended his forces, saying they only targeted armed rebels not civilians.

Speaking to State TV, Qadhafi's son Saif Al-Islam Qadhafi said Libya's Foreign Minister Musa Kusa had not defected from the regime by fleeing to the UK. Saif alleged that Kusa had travelled to Britain for health reasons, and was being coerced into making allegations against Libya. He also denied allegations that Kusa knew incriminating details about the Lockerbie bombing, saying there no more “secrets”.

The situation in Libya has reached a stalemate, with the rebel fighters in a continuous tussle over the eastern oil hub of Brega. Nearly two months since the revolt against Qadhafi began, the country remains effectively split between the rebel forces in the east and government loyalists in Tripoli and the west.

Speaking about the situation in Libya, Ibrahim said Qadhafi was "a safety valve for the country to remain together" adding, "many Libyans, many Libyans want him to lead the process forward because they are scared if he is not there for any reason we will have what happened in Iraq, we will have what happened in Somalia, we will have what happened in Afghanistan."

The spokesman also announced that the country was open to political reform such "elections, referenda" but noted that "the leader has to lead this forward".

Sources: BBC News, Aljazeera, The Daily Telegraph, Xinhua

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

Tuesday, 1 March 2011

The endgame has begun for Gaddafi. But who can fill the vacuum?

The end for Mu'ammar Qadhafi could come at any time, although whether it comes at his own hand, by an assassin's bullet or with a short drive to Methega Airport, the old American airbase east of Tripoli, remains unclear.

Of these three possible exits, the latter – exile to a country still friendly to him – now seems the least likely.

Venezuela and Zimbabwe have been touted as possibilities, but there are few countries on the planet prepared to take this insanely defiant dictator.

So when he says he wants to die a martyr's death, I'm inclined to believe him. There is, however, a danger that a grotesque amount of blood could be shed before then.

The east of the country has been lost: even at his most deluded, Qadhafi must know that.

But, by cruel paradox, that makes the job of defending his heartland, Tripoli and its immediate surroundings, easier.

This is where his most loyal and best-equipped troops are located and where, unless Qadhafi makes an early departure, the final battle for Libya will be fought.

Everything now hangs on the continued loyalty of his Security Battalions, the crack forces which retain control of the vast majority of Libyan weapons and which are led by Qadhafi's sixth-born son, Khamis.

Along with his other military trained brother, Mu'atassim, they will have a key role to play over the next few days. If they remain loyal to their father and their troops to them, the fight against their mounting opposition could get very nasty indeed.

However, if any Security Battalions defect to the opposition, that will spell the immediate end for the Qadhafi regime.

And it could happen – if some of Qadhafi's most trusted ministers can defect, there's no reason why some of his hitherto most loyal troops couldn't do the same. They, like everyone, have to be thinking – and worrying – about what happens next?

In a country that has been Qadhafi's personal fiefdom for 42 blood-soaked years – and where no political opposition has been tolerated – that remains a good question.

Some answers, however, are beginning to emerge, particularly from the currently opposition-controlled east, where Qadhafi's former justice minister, Mustafa Mohamed Abud Al Jeleil, is said to be working on a new constitution for Libya.

He is the figure considered most likely to emerge as an interim leader once Qadhafi goes. If so, Al Jeleil is likely to find himself leading a very loose coalition of tribal leaders, returning political exiles, Islamists and representatives of the army.

Unlike in Egypt, where the military is very much in control, a Libyan interim government will be predominantly civilian. The Libyan army simply isn't powerful enough to rule, and will be tarnished by its close association with Qadhafi.

You might think men such as Al Jeleil, so closely associated with Gaddafi, would suffer from the same problem – and that is possible. Just look to what is now going on in Tunisia, home of the Jasmine Revolution last month.

Security forces there killed three people this weekend when they opened fire on crowds protesting about the slow progress towards democratic elections – and the fact that the interim prime minister, Mohamed Ghannouchi, was prime minister under the recently deposed and thoroughly disgraced regime of President Ben Ali.

The presence of men such as Al Jeleil in an interim Libyan government could spark similar protests in a post-Qadhafi Tripoli, but Al Jeleil did defect early and, despite being a former member of Qadhafi's ministerial inner circle, has a reputation for fairness.

He, and others associated with the Qadhafi regime, will be hoping the lessons from Iraq have been learned.

There, the dismantling of the ruling Ba'ath party after the toppling of Saddam Hussein is now considered a grave mistake, removing as it did the only group who knew how to run Iraq.

While it may be unpalatable to some, Libya, post-Qadhafi, will need experienced politicians like Al Jeleil if it is not to be plunged into anarchy and chaos.

Until last week, it had been assumed that one of Qadhafi's sons would replace him and the choice seemed to be between Saif Al-Islam and Mu'atassim, with Khamis as an alternative.

While the pro-Western liberal reformer, Saif Al-Islam, was seen as the most likely, largely because the thuggish Mu'atassim is a chip-off-the-old-block, he blew any chances with his disastrous and uncharacteristically rambling speech last week in support of his father's regime.

Had he apologised for the violent excesses in the East, had he promised to carry out urgent political reform, he might just have quelled the unrest.

But by standing so squarely behind his father, he signed the regime's death warrant. Unlike one or two of his brothers, Saif Al-Islam is no fool and must be bitterly regretting that almost absurd display of blind loyalty.

Further senior figures in Libya need to swap sides if Libya is to move towards democracy without further blood being shed.

If they don't, the consequences could be dire. Gaddafi is still the man with the key to the arms cupboard. He's already ordered the air force to bomb his own people; he's capable of ordering his Security Battalions to open fire on them in the same way.

As he said chillingly, in his own address last week: "I have created Libya and I can destroy it." This is a man who lost touch with political reality long ago and whose reaction to the United Nations' referral to the International Criminal Court will be a characteristic shrug.

He may rage against the dying of his deranged dreams for a few more days but, deep down, Gaddafi knows the truth. The endgame has begun. It's what happens next that is important.

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.

© 2011 Menas Associates

Tuesday, 14 December 2010

Libya to cut back anti migrant efforts unless EU pays €5 billion


A Libyan government minister has said that Libya will cut back its efforts to curtail the flow of illegal migrants from Africa into Europe, unless the EU pays €5 billion per year. Libya intercepts thousands of Sub-Saharan migrants trying to cross its territory into Europe, but feels that the financial burden of trying to protect EU's borders should be shared.

While on a visit to Italy in August, Libyan leader Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi demanded that the EU make the annual payment of €5 billion to cover its costs. The demand was seconded by Libya's Public Security Minister Abdalfatah Yunes Elabedi who told reporters, "If there is no money, there will be no security; there will be no guards [on the borders]."

Speaking to the press after a meeting of North African and southern European interior ministers Elabedi said, "We thought the situation would not reach this point because it would be a disaster for the Europeans. Either they do what they have to do, in which case we will be grateful to them, or they will bear responsibility for their decision."

He added that Libya has already suspended some of its security efforts as part of the funding disagreement. Migrants travelling through Libyan territory, cross the desert to reach the Mediterranean and try to flag-down a boat for the journey to Europe, namely to Italy or Malta.

In the last few years, Libya has improved its efforts to intercept migrants on their way to Europe under and agreement with Italy, it has also taken back migrants who have been removed from Italian soil.

Amnesty International has condemned Libya for mistreating detainees, an allegation Libya has denied. The human rights group, however, says that Libya keeps migrants it detains in inhuman condition, subjecting them to torture, racial abuse and sometimes rape.

Amnesty International went further, saying that the EU is ignoring Libya's dire human rights record and urged the it, as well as Libya and Malta, to take steps to respect the rights of the African migrants. Under a recently signed deal, the EU is paying Libya €50 million for its co-operation, but Libya says it is not enough.

Speaking about the issue, Elabedi added "We have about 4,000 policemen on the Libyan land and sea borders and they have. Vehicles, they have equipment, supplies, expenses and salaries. These are all burdens on Libya.The EU, except for Italy, has until now not offered anything tangible. We are asking them for a specific amount of money as a [compensation for the] cost.”

Source: Reuters, BBC News

For more news and expert analysis about Libya, please see Libya Focus and Libya Politics & Security.